universe,Late Triassic, Dinosaur Radiation and Ecosystem Complexity

The late Triassic period, approximately 237 to 201 million years ago, represents a time of profound ecological expansion and evolutionary innovation on land. Terrestrial ecosystems that had slowly recovered from the Permian-Triassic extinction and diversified through the early and mid-Triassic were now entering a phase of increasing complexity. Archosaurs had become the dominant vertebrates, occupying multiple trophic levels as herbivores, omnivores, and apex predators, while small synapsids and amphibians maintained specialized ecological niches in wetter or marginal habitats. The first true dinosaurs, small, agile, and bipedal, began to